What is your experience with writing, both in English and in your Essay

What is your involvement recorded as a hard copy, both in English and in your first language - Essay Example The measure of time spent planning a compelling message is significantly less contrasted with that spent used to compose utilizing the less utilized language. It happens that the principle method of correspondence and the universally acknowledged language is English. Along these lines, the training framework has made it required and more utilized language than the principal dialects. Further, it makes a typical stage for the differing individuals with assorted vernacular and dialects altogether. With that, there is a laxity in the culminating the main language and making it valuable for legitimate correspondence. English h has contemplated and can be instructed in a methodical way dissimilar to first dialects on the planet over. It is difficult for me to utilize the utilization English than I do with the principal language. With English, it is simpler to express issues unmistakably, the time taken to define the reasonable data is significantly less, and the language is less perplexing for the most part. Along these lines causes English to overwhelm over my first language on account of the dominance of the two dialects analyzed is extraordinary. Taking everything into account, the capacity to utilize language to impart viably recorded as a hard copy is dictated by the information on the language and the training in utilizing

Gender Bias in Education Essay

â€Å"Sitting in a similar study hall, perusing a similar reading material, tuning in to a similar educator, young men and young ladies get altogether different educations.† (Sadker, 1994) truth be told, after entering school, young ladies perform equivalent to or superior to young men on almost every proportion of accomplishment, yet when they graduate secondary school or school, they have fallen behind. (Sadker, 1994) In any case, disparities between the exhibition of young ladies and the presentation of young men in rudimentary training drives a few pundits to contend that young men are being ignored inside the instruction framework: Across the nation, young men experience never been in more difficulty: They acquire 70 percent of the D’s and F’s that educators give out. They make up 66% of understudies marked â€Å"learning disabled.† They are the offenders in an incredible 9 of 10 liquor and medication infringement and the associated culprits in 4 out with 5 wrongdoings that end up in adolescent court. They represent 80 percent of secondary school dropouts and a lack of ability to concentrate consistently clutter analyze. (Mulrine, 2001) This presentation inconsistency is prominent all through Canada. In Ontario, Education Minister Janet Ecker said that the aftereffects of the normalized grade 3 and grade 6 testing in math and perusing appeared, â€Å"†¦persistent and glaring disparities in accomplishments and mentalities among young men and girls.† (O’Neill, 2000) In British Columbia, state sanctioned testing demonstrates that young ladies beat young men at all degrees of perusing and composing and in Alberta testing shows that young ladies, â€Å"†¦significantly outflank young men on perusing and composing tests, while practically coordinating them in math and science.† (O’Neill, 2000) However, the American Association of University Women distributed a report in 1992 showing that females get less consideration from instructors and the consideration that female understudies do get is frequently more negative than consideration got by young men. (Bailey, 1992) Indeed, assessment of the socialization of sex inside schools and proof of a sexual orientation one-sided concealed educational program exhibits that young ladies are bamboozled in the homeroom. Besides, there is huge examination demonstrating steps that can be taken to limit or dispense with the sexual orientation predisposition at present in our instruction framework. The socialization of sexual orientation inside our schools guarantees that young ladies are made mindful that they are inconsistent to young men. Each time understudies are situated or arranged by sex, educators are certifying that young ladies and young men ought to be dealt with in an unexpected way. At the point when a head overlooks a demonstration of lewd behavior, the person in question is permitting the corruption of young ladies. At the point when various practices are endured for young men than for young ladies in light of the fact that ‘boys will be boys’, schools are sustaining the persecution of females. There is some proof that young ladies are getting more scholastically fruitful than young men, anyway assessment of the study hall demonstrates that young ladies and young men keep on being associated in manners that neutralize sexual orientation value. Educators mingle young ladies towards a female perfect. Young ladies are lauded for being slick, calm, and quiet, though young men are urged to think freely, be dynamic and shout out. Young ladies are associated in schools to perceive prominence as being significant, and discover that instructive execution and capacity are not as significant. â€Å"Girls in grades six and seven rate being mainstream and popular as more significant than being seen as skillful or autonomous. Young men, then again, are bound to rank autonomy and skill as more important.† (Bailey, 1992) This socialization of womanliness starts a lot sooner than the center evaluations. At early ages, young ladies start characterizing their femininities corresponding to young men. One investigation of a third grade homeroom inspected four self-arranged gatherings of young ladies inside the study hall: the pleasant young ladies, the girlies, the flavor young ladies and the boyish girls. Through meetings analyst Diane Reay found that ‘nice girls’ was viewed as a harsh term demonstrating, â€Å"†¦an nonattendance of sturdiness and attitude.† (Reay, 2001) Furthermore, the girlies were a gathering of young ladies who concentrated their time on playing with and composing love letters to young men, the spitfires were young ladies who played games with the young men, and the flavor young ladies embraced young lady power and played ‘rate-the-boy’ on the play area. Reay’s research shows that every one of the gatherings of young ladies characterized their own femininities comparable to young men. (2001) The Reay concentrate further exhibits how socialization of young ladies happens at the school level by enduring various practices from young men than from young ladies. Emphatic conduct from young ladies is frequently observed as problematic and might be seen all the more contrarily by grown-ups. In Reay’s study, the way that the zest young ladies championed themselves in manners in opposition to conventional womanliness made them be named by educators as â€Å"real bitches†. (2001) This strengthens the thought that â€Å"†¦girls’ rowdiness to be viewed as a character deformity, while boys’ trouble making is seen as a craving to attest themselves.† (Reay, 2001) A lenient disposition towards lewd behavior is another way inâ which schools strengthen the socialization of young ladies as substandard. â€Å"When schools overlook misogynist, bigot, homophobic, and rough communications between understudies, they are giving inferred endorsement to such behaviors.† (Bailey, 1992) Yet young men are provoked for tossing like a young lady, or crying like a young lady, which infers that being a young lady is more regrettable than being a kid. As indicated by the American Association of University Women Report, â€Å"The clear message to the two young men and young ladies is that young ladies are not deserving of regard and that proper conduct for young men incorporates applying control over young ladies †or over other, more fragile boys.† (Bailey, 1992) Clearly the socialization of sexual orientation is strengthened at school, â€Å"Because study halls are microcosms of society, reflecting its qualities and ills the same, it follows that the ordinary socialization examples of little youngsters that regularly lead to twisted impression of sex jobs are reflected in the classrooms.† (Marshall, 1997) Yet sex inclination in training comes to past socialization designs, predisposition is implanted in course books, exercises, and instructor communications with understudies. This sort of sexual orientation predisposition is a piece of the concealed educational program of exercises instructed verifiably to understudies through the consistently working of their homeroom. In Myra and David Sadker’s research, they noted four kinds of instructor reactions to understudies: educator acclaims, giving positive input to a reaction; educator remediates, urging an understudy to address or grow their answer; educator scrutinizes, expressly expressing that the appropriate response is off base; educator acknowledges, recognizing that an understudy has reacted. The Sadkers found that young men were unquestionably bound to get applause or remediation from an instructor than were young ladies. The young ladies were well on the way to get an affirmation reaction from their instructor. (Sadker, 1994) These discoveries are affirmed by a recent report by Good and Brophy that â€Å"†¦noted that educators give young men more noteworthy chance to extend thoughts and be vivified than they do young ladies and that they fortify young men more for general reactions than they accomplish for girls.† (Marshall, 1997) Beyond instructor reactions, unique administrations in training seem, by all accounts, to be applied more generously to young men than to young ladies. Examination shows that young men are alluded for testing for talented projects twice as frequently as young ladies, which might be on the grounds that, â€Å"†¦giftedness is viewed as atypical, and young ladies endeavor to conform.† (Orenstein, 1994) Boys speak to more than 66% of all understudies in a specialized curriculum projects and there is a higher the extent of maleâ students getting analyze that are viewed as emotional. While clinical reports demonstrate that learning handicaps happen in about equivalent quantities of in young men and young ladies, the facts may confirm that, â€Å"Rather than recognizing learning issues, school work force might be mislabeling conduct issues. Young ladies who sit unobtrusively are disregarded; young men who carry on are set in unique projects that may not meet their needs.† (Bailey, 1992) Gender inclination is likewise instructed certainly through the assets picked for homeroom use. Utilizing writings that discard commitments of ladies, that tokenize the encounters of ladies, or that generalization sexual orientation jobs, further mixes sex inclination in schools’ educational program. While research shows that the utilization of sex impartial materials permits understudies to have more sex adjusted information, to grow progressively adaptable perspectives towards sexual orientation jobs, and to emulate job practices contained in the materials (Klein, 1985) schools keep on utilizing sex one-sided messages: Researchers at a 1990 gathering detailed that even messages intended to fit inside the ebb and flow California rules on sex and race value for course reading appropriation indicated unobtrusive language predisposition, disregard of grant on ladies, oversight of ladies as designers of history and initiators of occasions, and nonappearance of ladies from records of mechanical turns of events. (Bailey, 1992) Clearly the socialization of sexual orientation jobs and the utilization of a sex one-sided concealed educational program lead to discriminatory instruction for young men and young ladies. What changes can be made to make a progressively fair learning condition for all kids? To start with, instructors should be made mindful of their sex one-sided inclinations. Next, they should be given systems for modifying the conduct. At long last, endeavors should be made to battle sexual orientation predisposition in instructive materials. An investigation by Kelly Jones, Cay Evans, Ronald Byrd, and Kathleen Campbell (2000) utilized examination of recorded exercises so as to acquaint instructors with their own sexual orientation one-sided conduct. Requiring in-administration projects to address sex predisposition in the study hall will make educators increasingly mindful

The Illegality of Cocaine :: Pregnancy Drugs Essays

The Illegality of Cocaine As I was skimming through the casebooks in Current Issues and Enduring Questions, I discovered a story by James Q. Wilson called â€Å"Back to the Future† wherein he continued to tell that cocaine hurts an unburned infant and can prompt physical disfigurements or neurological harm. This started my interest into needing to find out about the impacts of cocaine on the body and an unborn kid. Cocaine originates from the leaves of the Erythroxylon Coca tree which are local to Peru and Bolivia (GG 300). Cocaine is alluded to as a benzoylmethyl ecgonine. Ecgonine is an amino liquor base which is firmly identified with trephine, the amino liquor in atropine. Ecgonine is an ester of benzoic corrosive and a nitrogen-containg base which has a similar central structure like the ones in engineered nearby sedatives (GG 300). Cocaine is a hydrochloride, water-solvent salt, dry white powder that is typically grunted through a little cylinder set into the nostril; it can likewise be infused i nto a vein (Encarta). The historical backdrop of cocaine can be gone go into the 1850’s. In 1855 cocaine was first confined and came to be broadly utilized as a sedative in minor medical procedures (Encarta). Cocaine has been utilized for quite a while as a medication of misuse, yet in the late 1970’s and 1980’s, it got one of the top medications to be taking (Encarta). There are four normal techniques for which it is utilized: 1. gulping which isn't extremely compelling in light of the fact that it isn't consumed by the gastrointestinal tract 2. grunting or sniffing is the most well-known 3. infusing with a needle creates an extreme, amazing surge, yet the impacts don't keep going long in view of the quick utilization by the liver 4. smoking or free-basing is basic since it creates an outrageous high. The issue with smoking is that it is trailed by touchiness and distress, which brings about the client needing to smoke more (walk). The impacts of cocaine normal ly just last between twenty minutes and an hour relying upon the immaculateness and the measure of the medication taken in (walk). The primary signs saw from cocaine are and increment in engine movement, quick heartbeat, hypertension, and an expansion in breath (walk). Other than these outcomes seen from cocaine, passing may in some cases happen from a little portion cause by seizures or a coronary episode (Encarta).

A Critique of Paradise Lost (Domestic Division) by TERRY MARTIN HEKKER Essay

A Critique of Paradise Lost (Domestic Division) by TERRY MARTIN HEKKER - Essay Example In any case, in its endeavors to tie in the author’s involvement in the more prominent discussion on women’s decisions in regards to family and vocation, the article offers nothing extremely new aside from presumably with the stunning disclosure that even ladies into their 60s, perpetually wedded by today’s principles could in any case be dumped by their spouses. Moreover, a portion of the contentions relating to the discussion will in general be opposing or irresolute. Hekker prevails with regards to making a critical passionate pitch for introducing herself as a wake up call of a lady who however, as of now in her four many years of marriage and a ways into her senior years could at present be disposed of by her significant other with all the enthusiastic and money related hardships of managing the consequence. The article for the most part focuses on her case alone, and in a passing reference, to those of her two companions who were additionally separated by their spouses and which she amazingly noticed that among them, â€Å"they’d been hitched for 110 years†. What makes the article considerably progressively piercing is that the writer wryly contrasted herself and her companions with â€Å"outdated kitchen appliances†: â€Å"Like them†, she composed, â€Å"we were useful, low upkeep, front stacking, self-cleaning and (moderately) ice free. Likewise like them we had guarantees that had run out. Our spouses looked for sleeker models with highlights we needed who could execute undertakings marry either never learned or couldnt perform without laughing.† It is in fact very stunning and loathsome to take note of that there are men, for instance the author’s ex who could treat a marriage of forty long years like it was nothing †despite the fact that the husband’s explanations behind leaving the marriage are not uncovered to the perusers, the compassion goes to the creator who watched herself battled monetarily while her better half traipsed with his new spouse in Mexico. Anyway the article’s fundamental quality which is its enthusiastic intrigue of how men could forsake ladies too

New Social Movements Essay Example for Free

New Social Movements Essay Whatever degree do new social developments speak to a test to built up methods of directing liberal popularity based strategies? So as to comprehend the degree of the test presented by new social developments to liberal majority rule arrangement and the manners by which they are directed one should initially comprehend what these approaches involve. These strategies or standards are recorded by Goodwin as: 1. Matchless quality of the individuals. 2. Assent of the administered as the premise of authenticity. 3. The standard of law: serene strategies for compromise. 4. The presence of the benefit of everyone or open intrigue, 5. The estimation of the person as a sane good dynamic resident. 6. Equivalent rights for all individuals.1 The current idea of a liberal majority rules system depends on the progressive development of the savants of the eighteenth century. Anyway the approach of past social has brought about difficulties to the manners by which liberal majority rule government has been and is directed over the mediating a long time since that time; the testimonial development and the American social liberties development against isolation are two such models. These developments were effective in light of the fact that people with great influence permitted them to succeed (as a matter of fact with some hesitance). All the more as of late, that is in the course of the last twenty to thirty years new social developments have grown up. These developments are battling on different issues including: * Anti globalization; the reaction against the expansion in intensity of enormous partnerships and the apparent absence of enactment limiting their activities. * Extremist strict gatherings. * Environmental change; the development and gatherings pushing for more noteworthy regard for the planet in a worldwide network. There are additionally numerous different gatherings which have grown up because of the mass development of people groups. These gatherings crusade for more noteworthy minority rights, and more opportunity to communicate social legacy. Heywood states furthermore that these gatherings are a consequence of the post-innovator time: On the off chance that the major political philosophies were in their different manners, results of modernisation [i.e. the work development of the late nineteenth and mid twentieth centuries], the change from a cutting edge to a post present day society can't yet have significant noteworthiness for their [the new movements] jobs and character [] post innovation [] has both tossed

The 2017-18 University of Chicago Supplemental Essays are Here! - College Essay Advisors Admissions Essay Experts

The 2017-18 University of Chicago Supplemental Essays are Here! - College Essay Advisors Admissions Essay Experts The 2017-18 University of Chicago Supplemental Essays are Here! The 2017-18 University of Chicago Supplemental Essays are Here! To all of the incredibly ambitious and creatively inclined students out there, the time has come. The 2017-18 U Chicago essay prompts are here. And, as always, they’re totally bizarre, challenging to the core, and, if you’re essay nerds like us, an endless supply of inspiration and entertainment. How will you make the most of this opportunity to let your personality shine through (and your freak flag fly?) for admissions? Start by reviewing this year’s essay prompts! Question 1 (Required): How does the University of Chicago, as you know it now, satisfy your desire for a particular kind of learning, community, and future? Please address with some specificity your own wishes and how they relate to UChicago. Question 2 (Optional): Share with us a few of your favorite books, poems, authors, films, plays, pieces of music, musicians, performers, paintings, artists, blogs, magazines, or newspapers. Feel free to touch on one, some, or all of the categories listed, or add a category of your own. Extended Essay Questions: (Required; Choose one) Essay Option 1. “The aim of argument, or of discussion, should not be victory, but progress.” â€" Joseph Joubert Sometimes, people talk a lot about popular subjects to assure ‘victory’ in conversation or understanding, and leave behind topics of less popularity, but great personal or intellectual importance. What do you think is important but under-discussed? -Anonymous Suggestion Essay Option 2. Due to a series of clerical errors, there is exactly one typo (an extra letter, a removed letter, or an altered letter) in the name of every department at the University of Chicago. Oops! Describe your new intended major. Why are you interested in it and what courses or areas of focus within it might you want to explore? Potential options include Commuter Science, Bromance Languages and Literatures, Pundamentals: Issues and Texts, Ant History a full list of unmodified majors ready for your editor’s eye is available here: https://collegeadmissions.uchicago.edu/academics/majors-minors. -Inspired by Josh Kaufman, Class of 2018 Essay Option 3. Earth. Fire. Wind. Water. Heart! Captain Planet supposes that the world is made up of these five elements. We’re familiar with the previously-noted set and with actual elements like hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon, but select and explain another small group of things (say, under five) that you believe compose our world. -Inspired by Dani Plung, Class of 2017 Essay Option 4. The late New York Times photographer Bill Cunningham once said Fashion is the armor to survive the reality of everyday life. I don’t think you could do away with it. It would be like doing away with civilization. Tell us about your “armor.” -Inspired by Adam Berger, Class of 2020 Essay Option 5. Fans of the movie Sharknado say that they enjoy it because “it’s so bad, it’s good.” Certain automobile owners prefer classic cars because they “have more character.” And recently, vinyl record sales have skyrocketed because it is perceived that they have a warmer, fuller sound. Discuss something that you love not in spite of but rather due to its quirks or imperfections. -Inspired by Alex Serbanescu, Class of 2021 Essay Option 6. In the spirit of adventurous inquiry, pose your own question or choose one of our past prompts. Be original, creative, thought provoking. Draw on your best qualities as a writer, thinker, visionary, social critic, sage, citizen of the world, or future citizen of the University of Chicago; take a little risk, and have fun. So pick your prompts and sharpen your pencils, dear applicants. It’s time to write! About CEA HQView all posts by CEA HQ » Interested in applying to Yale? The 2017-18 Supplements are out! READ THEM HERE »

Gender Roles in The Sound of Waves - Literature Essay Samples

In Yukio Mishima’s classic twentieth century novel, The Sound of Waves, one might initially hold some misconceptions towards the message of the story. It’s simple enough easily spot certain seemingly-sexist elements and immediately make the judgement that Mishima was a misogynist and plotted to display this in his writing. With the constant objectification of women, females’ inferior domestic roles, and the patriarchal dominance in the novel, it is not difficult to make this judgement. After examining certain literary elements of the text, however, it is clear to see that the idea of sexism is not what the novel aims to highlight. Through the use of imagery, syntax, and characterization, Mishima communicates a sincere tone that lets the reader know the novel is not a stab at the female gender; he simply attempts to convey the idea that growing up is a turbulent process for all, as seen through his characters Shinji and Hatsue. The first literary element, and possibly the most simple for the reader to see, is the use of visual imagery. In The Sound of Waves, mentions of nature are common and symbolic. The story starts out with a picture of serenity. Mishima writes of the â€Å"surpassingly beautiful views† from the cliffs of Uta-Jima and the â€Å"calm seas† (Mishima 4). To begin with, the descriptions not only set a picturesque scene, but also symbolize Shinji’s and Hatsue’s purity and innocence before their departure towards adulthood. Additionally, the narration from the viewpoint of the cliffs suggests that perhaps the story is in for a downfall much like the downs and ups of growing old. The emotional roller coaster of maturity is again supported by descriptive pictures of the natural setting surrounding the teenagers. When Hatsue and Shinij secretly meet, the storm outside is representative of the swelling excitement and nerves that the two are feeling. As â€Å"the groun d swell[s]† and â€Å"the beach [is] aroar with incoming waves,† the reader can imagine that Hatsue’s and Shinji’s emotions are swelling and roaring just like the storm (64). This use of imagery reinforces Mishima’s sincere tone, as he is so honest towards what the story is, he connects it to the natural forces that surround the lovers. Mishima’s blunt tone is again supported by an effective use of syntax. At the start of the novel, Mishima describes the first encounter between Hatsue and Shinji. He uses this as an opportunity to inform the reader of the physical appearances of the two protagonists. Through the use of parallel structure, it is clear to see that Mishima is giving both characters a fair and equal assessment; he is not pointing out the female’s flaws any more than he is pointing out Shinji’s. First, Shinji’s is described in detail. Mishima writes: â€Å"He was tall and well-built beyond his years† (6). Soon after this, when describing Hatsue, Mishima points out a trait that higlights her strength or lack thereof and might give the reader the impression that the story favors males. He writes â€Å"her forehead was moist with sweat† (7), which could have the reader thinking that the text aims to point out the weakness of women. Mishima, however, parallels this description when he points out a flaw of Shinji’s and an advantage of Hatsue’s. He writes of â€Å"the healthy color of her skin†, right after describing how Shinji’s skin â€Å"can be burned no darker by the sun than his was burned† (6-7). The structure of these descriptions make it simple for one to see that the novel is not geared towards any one gender. Mishima is honest in terms of point out how the two lovers level up to each other, and the descriptions set the stage for the maturing of the characters that is set to occur later on in the novel. Once again, the syntax supports the honest tone that Mishima maintains throughout the work, and let the reader know that the story is about growing up not disliking women. The third and final literary element that is used to support the coming-of-age theme is characterization. At the start of the novel, Shinji had no real ambitions. He had â€Å"become a fisherman as soon as he had finished school†, and his only life goal was to own a fishing boat with his brother (9). But when he meets Hatsue, this all changes. He still loves fishing, of course, but he starts rebelling against his routine. Whereas at the start of the novel, Shinji is simply a helper on the boat, he finishes the story by saving the boat from a monsoon when he sacrificially ventures into a storm. But this journey to strength and maturity is not to suggest that Shinji has become more powerful than Hatsue. The girl also experiences a similar journey. She goes from doing exactly what her father and society tell her to do, to surprising her community when she wins the pearl-diving contest and hands over her prize to the runner-up. The character development continues to contribute to the idea that Mishima does not aim to tell the story with a discriminatory tone; he simply wants to tell the story of two teenagers exiting youth and entering adulthood. All in all, through the use of imagery to highlight teenage emotion, the utilization of syntax to equally assess the genders, and the employment of effective characterization to show the protagonists’ journeys towards maturity, Mishima’s sincere tone makes it clear to see that he did not intend to suppress female characters in any way. While it is true that the discussion of breasts is common and the male dominance is slightly stronger than that of the females, Mishima did not mean to offend anyone. He simply wanted to tell a story.

How to Distinguish Between a File and a Directory in Perl

Lets say youre building a Perl script to traverse a file system and record what it finds. As you open file handles, you need to know if youre dealing with an actual file or with a directory, which you treat differently. You want to glob a directory, so you can continue to recursively parse the filesystem. The quickest way to tell files from directories is to use Perls built-in ​File Test Operators.  Perl has operators you can use to test different aspects of a file. The -f operator is used to identify regular files rather than directories or other types of files. Using the -f File Test Operator #!/usr/bin/perl -w$filename /path/to/your/file.doc;$directoryname /path/to/your/directory;if (-f $filename) {print This is a file.;}if (-d $directoryname) {print This is a directory.; } First, you create two strings: one pointing at a file and one pointing at a directory. Next, test the $filename with the -f operator, which checks to see if something is a file. This will print This is a file. If you try the -f operator on the directory, it doesnt print. Then, do the opposite for the $directoryname and confirm that it is, in fact, a directory. Combine this with a directory glob  to sort out which elements are files and which are directories: #!/usr/bin/perl -wfiles *;foreach $file (files) {if (-f $file) {print This is a file: . $file;}if (-d $file) {print This is a directory: . $file;}}​ A complete list of Perl File Test Operators  is  available online.

African Americans And Boys Understanding Literacy Gap

Nonexperimental Article Critique Ronda Taylor Bullock EDUC 805a Purpose The purpose of African Americans and Boys: Understanding the Literacy Gap, Tracing Academic Trajectories, and Evaluating the Role of Learning-Related Skills is to explain which factors contribute to the literacy gap of African Americans, but primarily African American boys, in early childhood education. The study highlights that previous research identifies the presence of an achievement gap and makes associations with socioeconomic status (SES), lack of motivation, discrimination, and misbehavior as influences to the gap (Cortina, Kizzie, Matthews, Rowley, 2010). However, in this study, the researchers attempt to explain why the gap exists, arguing that learning-related skills (LRS) best explain the literacy gap, more so than problem behaviors, socioeconomic status, and home literacy environment (Cortina et al., 2010). For the study, researchers J.S. Mathews, from the University of Michigan, Karmen T. Kizzie, Howard University, Stephanie J. Rowley and Kai Cortina, both from University of Michigan use a quantitative nonexperimental study. They use the growth curve model to predict academic trajectories as it relates to the growth in literacy over time with regards to the effect of LRS, problem behaviors, and interpersonal skills on literacy achievement (2010). Data for the research stems from an analysis of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort 1998-1999Show MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Educational Leadership Research Seminar1407 Words   |  6 Pageshad at least three of the following risks factors: 1) two or more years over age for grade level, 2) chronically absent, 3) two or more years partially proficient in ELA. In obtaining the school’s instructional goals, the most compelling achievement gaps are found in male students who are Black and have disabilities. 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How to Define and Identify Cultural Appropriation

The American Way to Boost Self-Esteem Essay - 1281 Words

The American Way to Boost Self-Esteem So youre suffering from low self-esteem, lacking in self-confidence, and not excited about your less-than-perfect body. No problem! Its nothing a new haircut, wardrobe change, or visit to the gym cant solve, right? Not any more, apparently. Gone are the days when body image problems are solved through friends, exercise, or counseling. Gone too is the era of au naturel and unaltered body parts. More and more people these days, especially women, are turning to the operating table to conquer battles over self-image. With images of Janet Jacksons breasts, Britney Spears tummy, and J. Los booty filling television screens and invading magazine stands across the country, its no†¦show more content†¦Whatever happened to the notion that beauty is not skin deep, but comes from within? The media and pop culture in this country have distorted the vision of beauty. Through images and television shows, they have twisted a message of loving your body for what it is by promoting plastic surgery as an answer to all your problems. We are all influenced by the pressure to fit in, to succeed, and to please in our daily lives. But portrayals of plastic surgery in the media have sent the message that any road bump or obstacle through life can be solved through a simple nip and tuck. Nervous about getting that new managing job? No sweat, a rhinoplasty will do the trick. Want to impress that boy youve had a crush on all year? Just stop by your nearest plastic surgeon for a breast enlargement. Feeling a little depressed lately? Consider some liposuction to boost your mood. As economic conditions improve for the average citizen, more people can afford to worry about their looks. A shift in cultural values has led to an increasing demand for plastic surgery as well as plastic surgery reality shows on television. 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Creating Positive School Experiences for Teens with Disabilities Free Essays

All men are created equally. Having disabilities does not constitute having different rights. But this is not usually the case. We will write a custom essay sample on Creating Positive School Experiences for Teens with Disabilities or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the article entitled, Creating Positive School Experiences for Teens with Disabilities, the experiences in school of students with disabilities is tackled and what positive actions could and should be done in order to provide these teens the rightful treatment they deserve. The theme of the article is to emphasize the importance of equality and unity despite the differences in capabilities. It is an article that should be highly considered by students with disabilities, teachers and school counselors involved in programs for the well-being of all students, and other students who have direct encounter with fellow schoolmates that have disabilities. Students with disabilities often face discrimination and challenges because of the biasness people have towards them. As a result, they could easily internalize negative attitudes, affecting their behavior towards other people. The article educates people, especially teachers and counselors, to help by creating programs that would encourage people to help in providing a positive environment for students with disabilities to participate in. The article does not state that special treatments are what students with disabilities need. What is more important is that they are given equal chances and the right amount of respect they deserve. Bullying and other forms of negative biasness should be eradicated from the school system in order for the disabled students to grow well in a fair and just community. The article agrees with the Scripture as it highlights giving equal opportunities and respect for all people, no matter what background they may have. The ministry should also help encourage school administrators to intervene and promote positive school experiences for the disabled. Programs that emphasize on respect, equality, and understanding should dominate the school rules. How to cite Creating Positive School Experiences for Teens with Disabilities, Papers

The Absolute Supremacy Claim

Question: The UK courts have generally been too willing to accept the absolute supremacy claim of the Court of Justice of the EU, but the Supreme Court decision in the HS2 case (R (on the application of HS2 Action Alliance Limited) v Secretary of State for Transport [2014] UKSC 3) represents an important change of direction that is more consistent with the position of the German Federal Constitutional Court. Critically discuss this statement. Answer: With the advent of the European Union (EU), the consolidation process of the legal system started. Treaties between the EU and its member states integrated the judicial system and the European Court of Justice (ECJ) became the apex court of the Union and its member states. It was resolved by the members through Declaration 17 of the Consolidated EU Treaties that the laws adopted by the EU, settled case laws given by the ECJ and the treaties will prevail over the laws of the member states. In simple words, the laws passed by the EU will have an overriding effect on the national laws of member states. It was further resolved that member states would be required to integrate EU laws with their national laws in a phased manner. In essence, national courts were entrusted with the responsibility to apply and enforce Community Law. National courts were also delegated the duty of upholding Community Law where there is a contravention of the national laws and the EU law. The Doctrine of Supremacy of EU The Doctrine of Supremacy of the EU was developed with the help of a number of important rulings of the ECJ. National Courts are the first stage of implementing the EU laws. Litigations and requests based on EU law are first referred to the National Judges. The treaties stipulate an integrated system of law enforcement in the form of Preliminary Ruling Procedure. The national courts cannot decide on matters related to EU law. Under the Preliminary Ruling Procedure, national courts are required to refer matters related to judicial interpretation and contested questions to the ECJ. It is the responsibility of the ECJ to interpret Community law in a proper manner and makes sure that such law is implemented throughout the member states in a uniform manner. The relationship between the EU and the member states is generally governed by three principles; the Doctrine of Supremacy, Direct Effect and Enforceability of the Community law. The doctrine was established by the famous case of Falminio Costa vs. ENEL (1964) where the court opined that EU law is a source of international law, which is based on the functioning of the community. The court further opined that community law draws its powers from treaties of the member states and cannot be overridden by provisions of national law. Another notable case in this regard is the case of Van Gend en Loos (1963) where the ECJ said that the European community proposes a new world order and its legal system influences international law to a great extent. In this backdrop, member states have sacrificed their sovereignty, but to a limited extent in order to bring uniformity in the legal system throughout the union. In essence, the community receive a more independent status and exerts a considerable amount of influence on national legal systems of the member states. Member states have transferred some of their rights to the Community and in this context the autonomy of the Member States have become limited. In the case of Finanze dello Stato v Simmenthal SpA (1978), the ECJ opined that European law would prevail over both prior and future national legislations. The ultimate judgement stipulated that national courts are required to comply with the provisions of the European law and not apply any contravening provisions of national law even though it has been the legal practice. It can be seen from the study of the above case laws that the doctrine of supremacy of the EU law is a well-established one among the member states of the Community. Time and again it has been proved in different circumstances that the EU law will always override the provisions of national law. The ECJ derives its powers from treaties undertaken by the member states with the Community and is the apex authority for interpreting EU laws and disposing off litigations related to such EU laws. Induction of the EU Law in the UK Legal System Sovereignty of country and its people are ensured by the constitution of a country. However, in UK, a complete codified constitution is not in use. Sovereignty is derived from the Doctrine of Parliamentary Supremacy. According to this doctrine, Parliament of UK holds the ultimate power to make and implement legislations. The Parliament is entrusted with responsibility of passing legislations and this authority cannot be challenged in any legal forum. It is from this authority, responsibility is derived regarding upliftment and protecting the rights of its citizens. Judiciary of the country has the responsibility to interpret and explain statutory provisions and dispose of litigations. Therefore, it can be said that the courts and its judges uphold supremacy of the Parliament. With UKs inclusion in the EU, it became necessary to enact a national legislation that will induce European law with the national law. Initially, international and domestic laws were considered separate and such induction of the international law required ratification of the UK Parliament. This became very difficult with the doctrine of parliamentary Supremacy in operation. The case of Blackburn v Attorney General (1971) played an important role in this regard. It was opined by the court that international treaties and the European laws cannot be made binding until they are embodied within domestic legislations passed by the Parliament. Passing of the European Communities Act 1972 With the objective of integrating international treaties and the European law, the European Communities Act 1972 was passed by the Parliament. Sections 2 of the Act relates to general implementation of Treaties in the form of Community laws. Along with this empowering section, Schedule 2 provides for some limitations of the Community laws. The provisions of section 2 stipulates that UK must enforce and confer all the rights arising out of the treaties and Community law without any further enactment of any domestic legislation in this regard (Subsection 2). Subsection 4 of section specifies that English law shall be interpreted subject to the principle that European law is supreme. In simple words, when any domestic law contravenes with the provisions of any European law, the latter will prevail and override the former domestic legislative provisions. Further, section 3 provides that interpretation of Community laws and international treaties are to be done by the ECJ and the judgemen t given thereof will prevail over the judgements given by UK courts. Therefore, it can be seen that with the passing of the European Communities Act, the intention of the UK to become a part of the EU seems to be clear. In order to achieve this objective, legislative reforms were undertaken by the Parliament. The executive branch took a collective decision to enter the European Community. The provisions of the act were clear and it depicts the countrys keenness to be a part of an international community. With the enactment of the legislation, the supremacy of Parliament was sacrificed. This proved to be a great step of the country towards bringing about a change in the entire legal system. The Case of R (on the application of HS2 Action Alliance Limited) vs. The Secretary of State for Transport and Another (2014) The case involved an appeal by the appellant Action Alliance Limited with respect to a decision made by the government for developing a railroad link from London to the North known as HS2. The decision came in the form of a Command Paper, popularly known as DNS. The Command Paper enumerated in details the procedural requirements of the project. It also stated the manner in which consent for the development will be obtained by enacting two separate hybrid bills of the Parliament. The contention of the appellants was that a Strategic Environmental Analysis (SEA) as stipulated by Directive number 2001/42/EC given by the EC should have preceded such development. The second important issue of the case was that whether passing of the hybrid bills were in consonance with Directive number 2011/92/EU, popularly known as the EIA Directive. Judgement The Supreme Court of the UK unanimously dismissed the appeal. The SC opined that the main objective of the SEA directive is to prevent major effects on the environment that have been pre-determined and identifies with the help of effective planning. Such planning takes place before the EIA stage is reached. SEA directives do not describe any particular project or its merits and demerits; it simple provides a framework for the approving authority to give consent to the required project. The purpose of the SEA directives is to enable the approving authority to take an effective decision on the matter without any hindrances posed by earlier plans that have not been assessed in a proper manner for environmental effects. The Court described that the DNS provides elaborate explanations about the HS2 project with a complete description about the rationale behind undertaking the project along with its pros and cons. In essence, the DNS does not pose and hindrance for the approving authority (the Parliament in this case) to make a suitable decision in this regard. The court further opined that the Parliament is an independent and autonomous body that is not bound by any criteria provided by the Government to take its decisions. The Court pointed out that there is a distinction between exerting mere influence on matter and limiting the scope of the decision making process. The DNS was open for all debates and submission before it was approved by the Parliament and it is also not required to expose the decision making process of the Parliament to SEA procedure. Thus, the Court concluded that the SEA directives should be interpreted on its own terms and there was no need to refer the matter to the CJEU. On the second issue, it was alleged by the appellant that the bills were passed in the Parliament without proper representation of the common public, which is a violation of Article 6(4) of the EIA Directive. The issue in question was whether the Parliamentary procedure was compliant with the EIA Directives. To this, the Court exclaimed that it has to evaluate whether an important project like the HS2 is in public interest or not. The matter is of national political significance and should be determined by national legislature rather than by an ordinary process of development control. When a matter is subject to the consideration of the Parliament, the members do have adequate information about it and have the freedom of evaluating the same to make an informed decision. This includes information on environmental factors. Thus, the contention that the matter did not get enough public consideration from an environmental point of view is unpersuasive. The Court concluded that there was no reason to believe that the members of the Parliament did not have opportunity to debate on the matter and therefore, the matter is not required to be referred to the CJEU. Position of the German Federal Constitutional Court Integration of the Community law into the German legal structure has not been an easy task. The German Federal Constitutional Court (FCC) played an important role in the integration process. However, often it was found that the FCC deviated from the Community law and overruled litigations on the basis of national laws. The integration process often faced hindrances due to lack of proper debate in the German electorate. Many opine that the FCC is not the appropriate forum to debate about the integration of the EU laws into the German legal framework. The FCC that prioritized national law over the Community law gave a number of judgements in this regard. In the case of Solange I (1974), there was a conflict between the Community law and fundamental rights guaranteed by the German Constitution. The FCC opined that German Constitutional rights would prevail over any conflicting provisions of the Community law. This was an outright rejection of the applicability of the Community law and its supremacy within the member states. Another important and comprehensive case in this regard was the case of Brunner v. Treaty on European Union (1993). In this case, the FCC provided a much more detailed analysis of the relationship between the EU law and the German law and emphasized on the theory of democratic legitimacy. It was clear that the German acceptance of the EU law was limited. Analysis Even though both the cases may seem to be similar, but there is a thin line of difference between the approaches adopted by the UK Supreme Court and the FCC. Over the years, the contention of the FCC has been made clear by the profound judgments given by it. The FCC has explained cases mentioned above in details about the applicability and the integration of the Community law into the legal framework of the country. The FCC has opined that integration from its viewpoint is only a transfer of sovereignty to a certain extent and acceptance of the Community law is limited to the extent of applicability of the countrys constitutional laws. In several cases of contravention, the FCC has upheld the applicability of the fundamental rights guaranteed under the German Constitution. On the other hand, the UK Parliament passed a special legislature to enforce the Community law into its legislative framework. The supremacy of the EU law has been accepted and in cases of contravention, matters have been referred to ECJ. However, in the HS2 case, the Supreme Court adopted a different approach. It can be said that it was not an outright rejection of the applicable EU directives, rather it was focussed more on explaining whether a contravention took place or not. The Supreme Court carefully examined the related matters and evaluated whether it requires referral to the ECJ or not. On the backdrop of the evidences provided and facts of the case, the Court focussed on determining whether any contravention took place or not and whether national laws will suffice to arrive at a conclusion or not. The Court rightfully dismissed the contentions of the appellant as all facts and evidence of the case pointed out that EU directives were not violated and nation law was consisten t in disposing off the case. Conclusion After a careful consideration of the facts mentioned above, it can be said that the UK has a perfect structure to implement EU laws within its national laws. The procedural steps were maintained in its true sense and a national statute was passed by its Parliament to facilitate the integration of EU laws within the country. The supremacy doctrine was well accepted in cases of contravention. However, the judgement in the HS2 case brought about a new angle to the story. In the case, the Supreme Court tries to ascertain the legality and the extent to which contraventions are taking place rather than simply accepting a contention that violation has taken place. The reasons for the judgement were explained in an elaborate manner in determining the extent of contravention and non-compliance by the government and the Parliament. The Court ultimately opined that passing of the hybrid bills were well within the ambit of the Parliament without diminishing the applicability of EU directives. Th erefore, it may seem in the beginning that the case and the viewpoint of the FCC are similar but they differ on a factual base. References "Judgement-HS2 Case" (2016) https://www.supremecourt.uk/decided-cases/docs/UKSC_2013_0172_Judgment.pdf accessed 17 January 2016 "PRESS SUMMARY" (2016) https://www.supremecourt.uk/decided-cases/docs/UKSC_2013_0172_PressSummary.pdf accessed 17 January 2016 "THE RELATION BETWEEN NATIONAL COURTS AND THE EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION JUDICIAL SYSTEM" (2016) https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/etudes/join/2007/378291/IPOL-JURI_ET(2007)378291_EN.pdf accessed 17 January 2016 Academia.edu, "The Doctrine Of Supremacy Of EU Law And The Judgment Of The German Federal Constitutional Court In Gauweiler V Treaty Of Lisbon." (2016) https://www.academia.edu/7975953/The_Doctrine_of_Supremacy_of_EU_Law_and_the_Judgment_of_the_German_Federal_Constitutional_Court_in_Gauweiler_v_Treaty_of_Lisbon accessed 17 January 2016 Eur-lex.europa.eu, "EUR-Lex - 61977CJ0106 - EN - EUR-Lex" (2016) https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A61977CJ0106 accessed 17 January 2016 eutopialaw, "The German Constitutional Court Versus The EU: Self Assertion In Theory And Submission In Practice Euro Aid And Financial Guarantees. Part 1." (2011) https://eutopialaw.com/2011/10/24/%E2%80%9Cthe-german-constitutional-court-versus-the-eu-self-assertion-in-theory-and-submission-in-practice-%E2%80%93-euro-aid-and-financial-guarantees-part-1/ accessed 17 January 2016 Law.utexas.edu, "German Case | Foreign Law Translations | Texas Law" (2016) https://law.utexas.edu/transnational/foreign-law-translations/german/case.php?id=588 accessed 17 January 2016 Lawteacher.net, "Doctrine Of Supremacy Of European Union | Law Teacher" (2016) https://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/administrative-law/doctrine-of-supremacy-of-european-union-administrative-law-essay.php#ftn8 accessed 17 January 2016 Lawteacher.net, "Doctrine Of Supremacy Of European Union | Law Teacher" (2016) https://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/administrative-law/doctrine-of-supremacy-of-european-union-administrative-law-essay.php#ftn8 accessed 17 January 2016 Lawteacher.net, "United Kingdom Joined The European Community | Law Teacher" (2016) https://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/european-law/united-kingdom-joined-the-european-law-essays.php accessed 17 January 2016 Legislation.gov.uk, "European Communities Act 1972" (2016) https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/68/contents accessed 17 January 2016 Legislation.gov.uk, "European Communities Act 1972" (2016) https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/68/contents accessed 17 January 2016 Protection Of Fundamental Rights Through The Court Of Justice Of The European Communities(1st edn, 2016) https://www3.law.ox.ac.uk/themes/iecl/pdfs/working2colneric.pdf accessed 17 January 2016 Publications.parliament.uk, "House Of Commons - The EU Bill And Parliamentary Sovereignty - European Scrutiny Committee" (2016) https://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201011/cmselect/cmeuleg/633/63304.htm accessed 17 January 2016 Reitemeyer S, "The German Federal Constitutional Court On Outright Monetary Transactions By The European Central Bank Pressing The CJEU Or A Friendly Gesture?" (European Law Blog, 2014) https://europeanlawblog.eu/?p=2219 accessed 17 January 2016 swarb.co.uk, "Blackburn -V- Attorney-General; CA 10 May 1971" (2015) https://swarb.co.uk/blackburn-v-attorney-general-ca-10-may-1971-2/ accessed 17 January 2016 UK Parliament, "European Communities Act 1972" (2016) https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescrutiny/parliament-and-europe/collections/parliament-and-europe/european-act-1972/ accessed 17 January 2016 UKSCBlog, "New Judgment: R (HS2 Action Alliance Ltd) V The Secretary Of State For Transport Anor Linked Cases [2014] UKSC 3" (2014) https://ukscblog.com/new-judgment-r-hs2-action-alliance-ltd-v-secretary-state-transport-anor-linked-cases-2014-uksc-3/ accessed Publications.parliament.uk, "House Of Commons - The EU Bill And Parliamentary Sovereignty - European Scrutiny Committee" (2016) https://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201011/cmselect/cmeuleg/633/63304.htm accessed 17 January 2016. "THE RELATION BETWEEN NATIONAL COURTS AND THE EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION JUDICIAL SYSTEM" (2016) https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/etudes/join/2007/378291/IPOL-JURI_ET(2007)378291_EN.pdf accessed 17 January 2016. UK Parliament, "European Communities Act 1972" (2016) https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescrutiny/parliament-and-europe/collections/parliament-and-europe/european-act-1972/ accessed 17 January 2016. UKSCBlog, "New Judgment: R (HS2 Action Alliance Ltd) V The Secretary Of State For Transport Anor Linked Cases [2014] UKSC 3" (2014) https://ukscblog.com/new-judgment-r-hs2-action-alliance-ltd-v-secretary-state-transport-anor-linked-cases-2014-uksc-3/ accessed 17 January 2016. Lawteacher.net, "United Kingdom Joined The European Community | Law Teacher" (2016) https://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/european-law/united-kingdom-joined-the-european-law-essays.php accessed 17 January 2016. Legislation.gov.uk, "European Communities Act 1972" (2016) https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/68/contents accessed 17 January 2016. Legislation.gov.uk, "European Communities Act 1972" (2016) https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/68/contents accessed 17 January 2016. Lawteacher.net, "Doctrine Of Supremacy Of European Union | Law Teacher" (2016) https://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/administrative-law/doctrine-of-supremacy-of-european-union-administrative-law-essay.php#ftn8 accessed 17 January 2016. "PRESS SUMMARY" (2016) https://www.supremecourt.uk/decided-cases/docs/UKSC_2013_0172_PressSummary.pdf accessed 17 January 2016. "Judgement-HS2 Case" (2016) https://www.supremecourt.uk/decided-cases/docs/UKSC_2013_0172_Judgment.pdf accessed 17 January 2016. Protection Of Fundamental Rights Through The Court Of Justice Of The European Communities(1st edn, 2016) https://www3.law.ox.ac.uk/themes/iecl/pdfs/working2colneric.pdf accessed 17 January 2016. Law.utexas.edu, "German Case | Foreign Law Translations | Texas Law" (2016) https://law.utexas.edu/transnational/foreign-law-translations/german/case.php?id=588 accessed 17 January 2016. Lawteacher.net, "Doctrine Of Supremacy Of European Union | Law Teacher" (2016) https://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/administrative-law/doctrine-of-supremacy-of-european-union-administrative-law-essay.php#ftn8 accessed 17 January 2016. Stefan Reitemeyer, "The German Federal Constitutional Court On Outright Monetary Transactions By The European Central Bank Pressing The CJEU Or A Friendly Gesture?" (European Law Blog, 2014) https://europeanlawblog.eu/?p=2219 accessed 17 January 2016. eutopialaw, "The German Constitutional Court Versus The EU: Self Assertion In Theory And Submission In Practice Euro Aid And Financial Guarantees. Part 1." (2011) https://eutopialaw.com/2011/10/24/%E2%80%9Cthe-german-constitutional-court-versus-the-eu-self-assertion-in-theory-and-submission-in-practice-%E2%80%93-euro-aid-and-financial-guarantees-part-1/ accessed 17 January 2016. Law.utexas.edu, "German Case | Foreign Law Translations | Texas Law" (2016) https://law.utexas.edu/transnational/foreign-law-translations/german/case.php?id=588 accessed 17 January 2016. Academia.edu, "The Doctrine Of Supremacy Of EU Law And The Judgment Of The German Federal Constitutional Court In Gauweiler V Treaty Of Lisbon." (2016) https://www.academia.edu/7975953/The_Doctrine_of_Supremacy_of_EU_Law_and_the_Judgment_of_the_German_Federal_Constitutional_Court_in_Gauweiler_v_Treaty_of_Lisbon accessed 17 January 2016. Eur-lex.europa.eu, "EUR-Lex - 61977CJ0106 - EN - EUR-Lex" (2016) https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A61977CJ0106 accessed 17 January 2016. swarb.co.uk, "Blackburn -V- Attorney-General; CA 10 May 1971" (2015) https://swarb.co.uk/blackburn-v-attorney-general-ca-10-may-1971-2/ accessed 17 January 2016.

INTELLIGENCE Essays (606 words) - Intelligence, Psychometrics

INTELLIGENCE INTELLIGENCE Since the end of the nineteenth century psychologists were studding intelligence and they were trying to find the answer what is the intelligence and how it can be measure? Psychologists have made a huge progress in the development of measuring intelligence but a little progress in defining intelligence. I will first outline the main issue involved in defining intelligence. I will then go on to discuss the measurements of intelligence. Psychologists describes intelligence as the ability to learn, others as ability to adopt to the environment, and also some of psychologists considered that intelligence is a tendency to develop skills. Later, psychologists focused their attention to the fact that some people seem to be intelligent in some areas, but less in others areas. Then, they constructed theory, where intelligence is a composite of specific talents, named general abilities. As a significant factor of the personality, it was important to provide a test of intelligence. The first useful test of intelligence developed in 1905 by French psychologists Alfred Binet (1857-1911). This test was used to evaluate child learning abilities for example, to provide the word definition. Binet in cooperation with Theodore Simon, has modified the original test, changing it into a useful children and adolescents test. Is known as the Binet- Simon scale. Moreover, in 1916 the scale was revised by Luis Terman of Stanford University, called the Stanford- Binet intelligence scale. Terman developed the concept for comparing childs mental age with their chronological age by calculating the intelligence quotient( IQ). Secondly, theory of intelligent launched in England by Charles Spearman( 1863- 1945), who said that there is a general intellectual factor g , which is present in all types of intellectual activity. Spearman also identified special factor( s) to a different range of impact. Next representatives of this theory is J.P. Guilford( 1967) , who has defined 120 factors of intellect. Another set of intelligence tests called Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children produced by David Wechsler(1939). The revised forms of these scales are in wide use. Include two sub-scales, verbal which contain a verbal IQ-measure general knowledge, and performance which contain performance IQ. The total IQ is combination of verbal and performance scores. Nowadays there are two main ways of looking at intelligence. Theory of multiple intelligences- Howard Gardner (1983), who suggested that there are many intelligences and proposed seven types of intellectual abilities: linguistic, musical, logical- mathematical, spatial, bodily kinaesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal intelligence. According to Gardner, these types are completely separate. One the one hand, some people are genius in one particular ability, on the other hand they are poor in others. What is more, Gardner ignored the social influences on these separate intelligences, where some of psychologists consider that influence is important. Robert Sternberg (1985) defined intelligence as mental activity directed toward purposive adaptation to, selection and shaping of, real- world environments relevant to ones life. Sternberg developed the triarchic theory of intelligence. He identified three aspects of intelligent behaviour: contextual, experiential and componential. The first- contextual intelligence, it happens in the society and in culture. Second one- experiential intelligence, focuses on the role that experience can influence intelligence. Third, called componential intelligence which contain: ability to learn, identifying problems to find the solution and also mental ability such as making decisions. We can see that, from the beginning of research into the intelligence to the present day there are still controversial aspects about intelligence, there is no single definition of intelligence. Myers,D.G.(2007). Psychology, eight edition Vander Zander, J.W.(1993). Human Development, fifth edition

College Application Essay Samples About Leadership

College Application Essay Samples About LeadershipCollege application essays and college essay samples about leadership are often used by counselors, professors, parents, and guidance counselors. Sometimes they have been presented to students in class, but in most cases they were discovered by the student after reading some material written for students that were considered either too far out there or too personal. This is a very important time of life, so the questions and ideas that students have come up with needs to be communicated and thought about and writing an essay that is thought out can help them think about these things better.As a college student, you will be required to write a college application essay or college essay samples about leadership. You are going to be expected to gather all your thoughts and feelings and go through the pros and cons. This is a time when you will be forced to think on your feet and come up with good solutions to many problems.One of the bes t places to find college application essay samples about leadership is online, especially with the free websites that offer them. These sites will not cost you a dime, but they do offer some great samples that you can use in your own college application. If you can find a few useful ones, you will be ready to begin filling out the forms and getting your answers. Here are some tips to help you get started.Some of the best college application essay samples about leadership will help you draw attention to yourself and explain what you hope to accomplish as a student. Do not use their own words, but paraphrase them and put yourself in their shoes. Ask yourself questions like, 'What kind of world do I want to see?' and write your answer in the form of a question.Research and talk to people that know you well. Ask them about things that they have seen or done that they have the greatest respect for. This will allow you to use examples from your experiences and help you make your writing u nique and even more personal.One of the best places to find college application essay samples about leadership is the Internet. The key to finding them is to use keywords and phrases that pertain to your field. This will bring up web sites that offer them, and they will allow you to download them. Make sure that you put them in a folder so that you can find them easily.As you study some of the college application essay samples about leadership, it is important to remember that you are writing for yourself. Do not use any of the examples on the sample materials, but use the sample itself as a resource that can help you build a solid college application.

Incidents of a slave girl essays

Incidents of a slave girl essays In Harriet Jacob's "Incidents in the life of a Slave Girl" Linda Brent reveals the unique brutalities that were inflected on enslaved women that would make one believe that it was best to be dead then to be a slave. "Incidents" discussed the economics of slavery; the quest for freedom; pain and suffering (physical and emotional) community support and family loyalty; resistance and the issue of literacy. It also includes moral conflict between slavery and Christianity; color prejudice; racism; the bond of motherhood, family loyalty; abandonment and the distrust between the blacks slaves and their slave owners. Linda mentions how a black slave was almost beaten to death, because he was arguing with his wife. I was moved on that, because I thought the slave's owners did not care much for the slaves and then for him to protect the female slave for her husband because he had children by her, got me confused. Is the slave owner showing that he cares or was he just protecting his property? I did not like that William was severely reprimanded by his father for answering to his mistress instead of his father when being summoned by the both of them. William was perplexed about whom he was supposed to go to and he had to learn the hard way. I think William should have been warned about whom he should go to first, but that would be too much like right. I felt emotionally drained in regards to the daily torments Linda had to endure in the Flint household. Not only did she have to avoid the pursuit of Dr. Flint, she also was exposed tot he jealous rage of Mrs. Flint, who instead of trying to protect Linda, sees her as responsible for arousing her husbands' lust. Linda was between a rock and a hard place, between her lustful, master and his emotionally insecure wife. Another form of punishment was tying a rope around a person's body, hanging him over a fire, which a piece of fat dripped on their bare flesh. This is just another e...

Top 3 Reasons Why You Should Network

Top 3 Reasons Why You Should Network For those of you who, like me, dread the â€Å"networking† phase of job searching, here are some reassuring suggestions! It’s easy to dread the forced nature of â€Å"networking† or the awkwardness of feeling like you’re fake-interviewing someone who couldn’t care less about your background or ambitions but there are benefits to networking. That being said, here are 3 reasons why you should network. 1. Networking Isn’t Begging, It’s GivingThe advantage to letting someone get to know you is that they’ll remember you when it’s time to fill an open position. If you share some original ideas or have a meaningful conversation about something you’re passionate about- without the agenda of a job application- you’ll stay in their mind because of how well you click.At the same time, you also have an important opportunity to learn something crucial about the person you’ve just met, so that at some point in the future you can help them with their professional endeavors.2. Networking Can Improve Your Social SkillsThink of a networking opportunity (also known as â€Å"meeting someone socially with whom you have professional interests in common†) as a chance to gain three things, as Herges puts it:A sense of what makes the other person happy and inspiredAn idea of the best way to converse with the other person to make them feel appreciatedAn opportunity to showcase what it would be like to have you as a colleagueListening is such an underrated skill- and it neatly covers any uncertainty you might feel about what to say. Networking is noy only about what you can get,  but also about what you can contribute.3. You Can Network Without Even Trying!Here’s my favorite networking experience I’ve ever had- it took months to unfold and some lucky timing.In the course of my regular Twitter use, I started chatting with a musician named Matt; he invited me to swing by a birthday pa rty he was having. There, I struck up a conversation with Karen, a writer and freelancer, and we became friends on Twitter. A few weeks later she invited me to a bowling meet-up, where I started talking with Michael, a fellow Mets fan who was also a social media director. Because we’d become friends, I saw when he retweeted a friend of his who was seeking copywriters for a TV sports comedy show, and I got the gig (which remains one of my favorite freelance gigs I’ve ever had).It goes on! A year later when a colleague and I were out for a lunchtime walk, he mentioned was looking for freelancers on a writing and editing project; randomly my friend Karen happened to cross our path just a few minutes later. I introduced them and recommended my friend Karen for the project, and they’ve been working together ever since.I didn’t go into any of these encounters- the Twitter conversations, the birthday party, the bowling, or the walk- expecting to get a job; but I did hope I’d meet fun people, and it turned out they were people I’d like to work with sometime in the future. Because I was just being myself, I made a much better impression than I would have if I was in â€Å"networking mode.†Professional strategies can help you clarify your goals, but there’s no substitute for getting to know people in a low-stakes scenario.  3 Reasons Networking Is A Job Search Priority †¦Ã‚  Read More at www.pure-jobs.com

EasyBuys' Mobile On-line Shopping Project Essay

EasyBuys' Mobile On-line Shopping Project - Essay Example However, no one in the company, IT department included, is familiar with the mobile application and the different platforms of mobile. Due to these facts, this report will help the EasyBuys’ management and the IT department as a guide through the MOSA project. EasyBuys’ management should pay keen attention on the agile approaches as will be illustrated in this report, which aims to analyze the approaches of agile, their strengths and weaknesses and recommendation for adoption. Agile approaches have emerged so as the changes needed for development may be adopted quickly and with ease. This is in contrary to the non agile approaches which are plan driven and traditional. The main idea behind the agile approaches is to release early the working software via responding quickly to the alterations in specifications through the use of code refactoring, collaborative techniques, customer involvement, and test driven development. There are various agile approaches that can be us ed by companies such as the EasyBuys, however the focus is the same as they all emphasize on efficiency and effectiveness, and therefore in this report, we will put emphasis on the Scrum agile approach (Glass, 2001). Scrum is a business oriented framework used for managing development of software process. This agile approach was created by Jeff Sutherland and Ken Scwaber. It is an iterative, incremental that uses using rolling wave planning in order to determine, identify and prioritize project requirements. The team, such as the IT department for this report, works on the requirements in a prioritized manner in order to deliver feature of the highest value as possible. Some of the areas that the Scrum approach puts emphasis during implementation include: customer collaboration when doing business, individual interactions when using tools and processes in the project, response to change over the abrupt need by the market, and the working software for reasons of comprehensive documen tation (Fowler, 2000). The Scrum agile approach has defined principles and values that the practitioners, the IT department, will have to follow during its implementation as a guide. The Scrum agile approach has various strengths and reasons that lead to great demand by other companies, EasyBuys’ management, included. Some of the strengths that the management are likely to derive from the agile approach include: better management of priorities of change, better business IT alignment, high acceleration of time to market, enhances quality of software, and increasing company productivity. These strengths give the Scrum agile approach an upper hand for adoption and implementation in the company. The approach however demands that, for successful implementation, the project for which the agile approach is being adopted must be planned and defined, executed as detailed in the plan, and the management of the project must monitor and control the results (Highsmith, 2000). For instance , during the adoption of this Scrum agile approach, the EasyBuys’ management and the IT department will, from the outset of the project, work closely with their customers in order to understand the vision for the project, how the newly updated systems will be used, and how the projects support the goals of the business. In addition, this agile approach demands that

Personal essayapply to college Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personal essayapply to college - Essay Example I was excited for this job because when I was in China I didn’t have a job like this one. I liked this job. I had studied Traditional Chinese Painting and I thought I could do well. However, I realized I was wrong after I saw the students’ pictures which were so creative and imaginative. Those were not only pictures; instead, they contained in them interesting stories. For example, there was a cup in the middle and about the picture, a kid thought that was a gas station and cars got refueled from there. I wondered if I could ever think like that. The teacher told me, â€Å"We can, through practice, improve shapes of things we draw, but we cannot practice our creative and imaginative ability.† Now, let’s explain what creative imagination is. Researchers suggest that creative imagination is about creating an image in your mind about a task you want to achieve, and holding that image for a longer period of time till your unconscious and subconscious together start reprogramming the mental software that your subconscious holds by injecting their own suggestions and ideas. In other words, creative imagination allows a person to utilize the unconscious part of their brains to gain its power and combine it with their conscious mind. This includes different characteristics of thinking and this type of thought process encounters and solves a problem from many angles, many sides, many layers, and use different compositions to consider the issue, and look for answers. By not receiving the restrictions of present knowledge and not being restrained by traditional methods, the paths of thinking are open and spread. This is important because it is not a single solution, but a va riety of programs in a variety of ways to explore and to choose. This thinking is not intended to focus on finding old knowledge, nor is it to repeat the same old ideas, but instead it is about attention to the discovery of new things, new laws, new theories, new ideas, and to promote people

The System Hacking Cycle

The System Hacking Cycle System hacking means to hack system password within the operating system. Many hacking attempts start with attempting to crack passwords. However, passwords are the key piece of information needed to access a system. Users, while creating a password, often select password that are prone to being cracked. Passwords may be cracked manually or with automated tools such as dictionary or brute-force method, each of which are discussed in this paper. Scanning and enumeration is the first part of ethical hacking and contains the hacker target systems . Enumeration is the follow-on step once scanning is complete and is used to identify computer names, usernames, and shares. Scanning and enumeration are discussed together because many hacking tools perform both. The system hacking cycle consists of six steps:- a. Enumeration b. Cracking Passwords c. Escalating Privileges d. Executing Applications e. Hiding files f. Covering tracks Enumeration occurs after making the IPv4 protocol independent of the physical network, the designers decided to make the maximum length of the IPv4 datagram equal to 65,535 bytes. This makes transmission more efficient if we use a protocol with an MTU of this size. HowÂÂ ­ ever, for other physical networks, we must divide the datagram to make it possible to pass through these networks. This is called fragmentation. The source usually does not fragment the IPv4 packet. The transport layer will instead segment the data into a size that can be accommodated by IPv4 and the data link layer in use. When a datagram is fragmented, each fragment has its own header with most of the fields repeated, but with some changed. A fragmented datagram may itself be fragmented if it encounters a network with an even smaller MTU. In other words, a dataÂÂ ­gram can be fragmented several times before it reaches the final destination. In IPv4, a datagram can be fragmented by the source host or any router in the path although there is a tendency to limit fragmentation only at the source. The reassembly of the datagram, however, is done only by the destination host because each fragment becomes an independent datagram. Whereas the fragmented datagram can travel through different routes, and we can never control or guarantee which route a fragmented dataÂÂ ­ gram may take, all the information is provided by other means such as the hop-by-hop options or other protocols. In its simplest form, a flow label can be used to speed up the processing of a packet by a router. When a router receives a packet, instead of consulting the routing table and going through a routing algorithm to define the address of the next hop, it can easily look in a flow label table for the next hop. In its more sophisticated form, a flow lab Many hacking attempts can initialize with to attempt crack passwords. Passwords are the important information which is required to login a system. Users, when creating passwords, often select passwords that are difficult to guess. Passwords are stored in the Security Accounts Manager (SAM) file on a Windows system and in a password shadow file on a Linux system. Manual Password cracking involves attempting to log on with different passwords. The hacker follows these steps: 1. Find a valid user account for password test. 2. You can create list of possible passwords. 3. Arrange the passwords according to possibility 4. Try each password. 5. Try and try for correct password. In its simplest form, a flow label can be used to speed up the processing of a packet by a router. When a router receives a packet, instead of consulting the routing table and going through a routing algorithm to define the address of the next hop, it can easily look in a flow label table for the next hop. In its more sophisticated form, a flow label can be used to support the transmission of real-time audio and video. Real-time audio or video, particularly in digital form, requires resources such as high bandwidth, large buffers, long processing time, and so on. A process can make a reservation for these resources beforehand to guarantee that real-time data will not be delayed due to a lack of resources. The use of real-time data and the reservation of these resources require other protocols such as Real-Time Protocol (RTP) and Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) in addition to IPv6. To allow the effective use of flow labels, three rules have been defined: 1. The flow label is assigned to a packet by the source host. The label is a random number between 1 and 224. A source must not reuse a flow label for a new flow while the existing flow is still active. 2. If a host does not support the flow label, it sets this field to zero. If a router does not support the flow label, it simply ignores it. 3. All packets belonging to the same flow have the same source, same destination, same priority, and same option. 2. ACCOUNTING MANAGEMENT The Internet is a wonderful thing. It allows knowledge to be shared with the world. But what if you want to use the Internet to share knowledge with just one person? When web pages, e-mail, and even passwords are transferred across the Internet, they are free to be seen by anyone who cares to look. You may ask, Who is going to be looking, anyway? The answer, in most cases, is nobody. Anonymity can be your security. This is especially true of your Internet presence from home. However, the situation changes when you use your credit card over the Internet, or when you are a business on the receiving end of a credit card transaction. In such cases, anonymity clearly doesnt provide enough security. Furthermore, what if you receive a sensitive document, but you are unsure if the person who sent it really is who they claim to be? How do you know that this same document wasnt tampered with between the time it was sent and the time you received it? And what if you need to protect sensitive data on your web site, or perhaps you want to protect the data in transit to the user, or authenticate the user with a stronger authentication method? It prevents users from monopolizing limited network resources. It prevents users from using the system inefficiently. Network managers can do short- and long-term planning based on the demand for network use. Integrated Windows authentication is the most secure method of authentication, but it is available only with Internet Explorer. This authentication type had been known previously as NTLM authentication and Windows NT Challenge/Response authentication. In Integrated Windows authentication, the users browser proves itself to the server using a cryptographic exchange during the authentication process. Integrated Windows authentication supports both the Kerberos v5 and the NTLM (NT LAN Manager) protocols for authentication through the Negotiate package. If you are using Active Directory, and the browser supports it (IE 5 or above with Windows 2000), Kerberos is used; otherwise, NTLM is used. Both Kerberos and NTLM have limitations on their use. Interestingly enough, each ones strength is the others weakness. Kerberos generally works with proxy servers, but it tends to have a hard time with firewalls. NTLM generally works through firewalls, but it tends to have a hard time with proxy servers. 1. A manager checks an agent by requesting information that reflects the behavior of the agent. 2. A manager forces an agent to perform a task by resetting values in the agent database. 3. An agent contributes to the management process by warning the manager of an unusual situation. 3. PASSWORD INTEGRITY Authentication is an important feature of any secure web site. Every time a client browses to a web site, it needs to be authenticated before it can access the resources it is requesting. By default, that authentication all takes place on the server, and the client isnt even involved. Some authentication settings can make for easy access to a web site, but sometimes you want to limit who sees what information on your site. This is where more restrictive types of authentication come in. If your computer is renamed, the Internet Guest Account does not change and continues to use the old machine name. Because user accounts use security identifiers (SIDs) to identify themselves, changing the computer name doesnt affect the account name. When IIS receives a request, it automatically attempts anonymous authentication first. If anonymous authentication fails, it attempts to log on the user using another logon method. If no other authentication methods are enabled, IIS sends a 403 Access Denied HTTP error message to the client. You can use any user account that you wish for anonymous access, including the Administrator account. You can change access settings in the items Properties windows Directory Security tab, accessible by right-clicking the item in the IIS Microsoft Management Console (MMC) snap-in and choosing Properties. (By the way, even though you can do it, dont use the Administrator account for anonymous access.) Basic authentication is a widely accepted means of authentication. Because all the information is presented and transmitted in clear text, its easy to use and makes for easy program interoperability, but the passwords can be found out faster than you can say security risk. Both the web server and FTP server components in IIS support Basic authentication. 4. CONCLUSION The simplest and the oldest method of entity authentication is the password, something that the claimant possesses. A password is used when a user needs to access a system to use the systems resources (log-in). Each user has a user identification that is public and a password that is private. We can divide this authentication scheme into two separate groups: the fixed password and the one-time password. In this group, the password is fixed; the same password is used over and over for every access. This approach is subject to several attacks. 4. REFRENCES www.ankitfadia.in for ethical hacking and password guessing techniques. www.ethicalhacker.net www.hackcommunity.com www.dl4hacks.com www.go4expert.com/forums www.ehacking.net www.govermentsecurity.org/forum/32003